Along-term perspective on development o.ers some grounds for optimism. While gross domestic product (GDP) growth has been uneven across countries and over decades, developing countries have enjoyed signi.cant growth in life expectancy and levels of education since 1960. If GDP growth in developing countries can return to the rates of the 1960s and 1970s, then we can foresee a signi.cantly changed world by 2050—a world at once more wealthy and more equitable.
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